Autologous Protein Solution (APS) therapy is a modern biological treatment that utilizes a combination of cytokines, growth factors, and anti-inflammatory mediators derived from the horse’s own blood. The resulting product is administered directly into the affected joint or injured tissue. Through specialized processing of the horse’s blood, a concentrated solution rich in anti-inflammatory proteins, cytokines, and growth factors is produced and targeted to the affected area. APS therapy is primarily used in the management of joint inflammation and osteoarthritis, with the aim of modulating the inflammatory process, improving joint function, and supporting the horse’s orthopedic rehabilitation.

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy is a biological treatment that utilizes a concentrated preparation of platelets and bioactive mediators derived from the horse’s own blood. Platelets release growth factors and other bioactive molecules that play an important role in regulating inflammation, tissue healing, and tissue remodeling, thereby supporting the body’s natural repair processes. PRP is primarily used in the management of musculoskeletal injuries, including tendon and ligament injuries, as well as acute and chronic joint conditions. The treatment can be performed under ultrasound guidance, allowing precise delivery of the PRP directly to the affected tissue or target area.

Alpha-2-Macroglobulin (A2M) therapy is a biological intra-articular treatment that does not involve the use of corticosteroids and is used in the management of inflammatory and degenerative joint conditions. A2M is a naturally occurring plasma protein with the ability to bind and inhibit a range of proteolytic enzymes and inflammatory mediators involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. By targeting these catabolic and inflammatory pathways, A2M therapy aims to reduce intra-articular inflammatory activity and limit processes associated with cartilage degradation, supporting joint health and function in horses affected by osteoarthritis.

Polyacrylamide hydrogel (iPAAG) is a biocompatible hydrogel used in the management of osteoarthritis and chronic joint inflammation. Following intra-articular administration, the hydrogel gradually integrates with the synovial tissues, helping to improve the intra-articular environment, reduce inflammation, and support joint function. The treatment is associated with a gradual reduction in joint inflammation and can provide sustained improvement in comfort and mobility, making it a valuable option for horses with chronic joint conditions. iPAAG therapy may be particularly beneficial in horses with chronic osteoarthritis or persistent joint discomfort and can be incorporated into a comprehensive orthopedic management programme, based on the individual horse’s clinical and diagnostic imaging findings.